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Back Interfacing of Temperature Sensor (LM35) with Arduino Uno. What is a Temperature Sensor? LM35 is a precision temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in C). With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1 C temperature rise in still air. The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to ambient temperature; its scale factor is 0.01V/ C. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Temperature Sensor(LM35) 1 Jumper cables 4 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Parameter Value VCC 5 V DC from your Arduino Ground GND from your Arduino Out Connect to Analog Pin A0 Tested Programming Code: float tempC; int reading; int tempPin = 0; void setup() { analogReference(INTERNAL); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { reading = analogRead(tempPin); tempC = reading / 9.31; Serial.print("Temprature= "); Serial.print(tempC); Serial.print("*C"); Serial.println(); delay(1000); } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of Temperature Sensor for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if Temperature Sensor does not run properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to open your serial monitor. There you can see the Temperature of the surroundings. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of Buzzer with Arduino Uno. What is a Buzzer? Buzzers are used for making beep alarms and tones. They can be used in alarm systems, for keypad feedback, or some games. Lightweight, simple construction and low price make it usable in various applications like car/truck reversing indicators, computers, call bells etc. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Buzzer 1 Jumper cables 5 Resistor 1(100 ohms) Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: The Connections are pretty simple: Connect the Supply wire (RED) of the buzzer to the Digital Pin 9 of the Arduino through a 100-ohm resistor. Connect the Ground wire (BLACK) of the buzzer to any Ground Pin on the Arduino. Tested Programming Code: This code is to generate an alarm type of sound. The tone is an Arduino Library to produce a square wave of the specified frequency (and 50% duty cycle) on any Arduino pin. const int buzzerPin = 9; void setup() { Serial.begin(8600); pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT); void loop() { tone(buzzerPin, 50); delay(50); noTone(buzzerPin); delay(100); } } Precautions: 1. Double-check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of Buzzer for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if Buzzer does not run properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: You can Use Buzzer as an Alarm and many Other Alerting Devices . Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of LDR Sensor Module with Arduino Uno. What is a LDR Sensor Module ? LDR sensor module is used to detect the intensity of light. It is associated with both analog output pin and digital output pin labelled as AO and DO respectively on the board. When there is light, the resistance of LDR will become low according to the intensity of light. The greater the intensity of light, the lower the resistance of LDR. The sensor has a potentiometer knob that can be adjusted to change the sensitivity of LDR towards light. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 LDR Sensor Module 1 Jumper cables 4 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Parameter Value VCC 5 V DC from your Arduino Ground GND from your Arduino A0 Connect to Analog Pin A0 Tested Programming Code: int sensorPin = A0; // select the input pin for LDR int sensorValue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); //sets serial port for communication } void loop() { sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin); // read the value from the sensor Serial.println(sensorValue); //prints the values coming from the sensor on the screen delay(100); } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of LDR Sensor Module for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if LDR Sensor Module does not run properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to open your serial monitor to check the readings. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Measuring soil moisture using Soil Moisture Sensor with Arduino (Y-38) What is a Soil Moisture Sensor? This sensor measures the volumetric content of water inside the soil and gives us the moisture level as output. The sensor is equipped with both analog and digital output, so it can be used in both analog and digital mode. So let’s begin our tutorial on interfacing Arduino and Soil moisture sensor. Specifications: Input Voltage : 3.3– 5V Output Voltage : 4.2V Input Current : 35mA Output Signal : Both Analog and Digital Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Soil Moisture Sensor 1 Jumper cables 5 Pinout Diagram: The soil Moisture sensor YL-38has four pins VCC: For power A0: Analog output D0: Digital output GND: Ground The Module also contains a potentiometer which will set the threshold value and then this threshold value will be compared by the LM393 comparator. The output LED will light up and down according to this threshold value. Working: The soil moisture sensor consists of two probes which are used to measure the volumetric content of water. The two probes allow the current to pass through the soil and then it gets the resistance value to measure the moisture value. When there is more water, the soil will conduct more electricity which means that there will be less resistance. Therefore, the moisture level will be higher. Dry soil conducts electricity poorly, so when there will be less water, then the soil will conduct less electricity which means that there will be more resistance. Therefore, the moisture level will be lower. This sensor can be connected in two modes; Analog mode and digital mode. First, we will connect it in Analog mode, and then we will use it in Digital mode. Analog Mode – Interfacing Soil Moisture Sensor and Arduino' To connect the sensor in the analog mode, we will need to use the analog output of the sensor. When taking the analog output from the soil moisture sensor FC-28, the sensor gives us the value from 0-1023. The moisture is measured in percentage, so we will map these values from 0 -to 100, and then we will show these values on the serial monitor. You can further set different ranges of the moisture values and turn on or off the water pump according to it. Circuit Diagram: The connections for connecting the soil moisture sensoYL-38 to the Arduino are as follows. VCC of YL-38 to 5V of Arduino GND of YL-38 to GND of Arduino A0 of YL-38 to A0 of Arduino Tested Programming Code: const int soil_sensor = A0; sensor is attached to int sensorValue = 0; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { sensorValue = analogRead(soil_sensor); serial monitor: Serial.print("Moisture Value = " ); Serial.println(sensorValue); delay(1000); } Digital Mode – Interfacing Arduino and Soil Moisture Sensor To connect the soil moisture sensor YL-38 in the digital mode, we will connect the digital output of the sensor to the digital pin of the Arduino. The Sensor module contains a potentiometer with it, which is used to set the threshold value. This threshold value is then compared with the sensor output value using the LM393 comparator which is placed on the sensor module. The LM393 comparator will compare the sensor output value and the threshold value and then gives us the output through the digital pin. When the sensor value will be greater than the threshold value, then the digital pin will give us 5V and the LED on the sensor will light up and when the sensor value will be less than this threshold value, then the digital pin will give us 0V and the light will go down. Circuit Diagram: The connections for connecting the soil moisture sensor YL-38 to the Arduino in digital mode are as follows. · VCC of YL-38 to 5V of Arduino · GND of YL-38 to GND of Arduino · D0 of YL-38 to pin 12 of Arduino · LED positive to pin 13 of Arduino · LED negative to GND of Arduino Tested Programming Code int led_pin =13; int sensor_pin =8; void setup() { pinMode(led_pin, OUTPUT); pinMode(sensor_pin, INPUT); } void loop() { if(digitalRead(sensor_pin) == HIGH) { digitalWrite(led_pin, HIGH); } else { digitalWrite(led_pin, LOW); delay(1000); } } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. 5. Please keep your hardware away from water except, the sensing probe. Conclusion: You can successfully measure the moisture percentage in the soil and control the appropriate flow of water. This sensor can be deployed in many ways like auto irrigation systems, automatic plant watering systems etc. Output: Situation Screenshot: Serial Monitor (Ctrl+Shift+M) Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Measuring Distance using Ultrasonic Sensor with Arduino What is an Ultrasonic Sensor? An Ultrasonic sensor is a device that can measure the distance to an object by using sound waves. It measures distance by sending out a sound wave at a specific frequency and listening for that sound wave to bounce back. By recording the elapsed time between the sound wave being generated and the sound wave bouncing back, it is possible to calculate the distance between the sonar sensor and the object. Since it is known that sound travels through air at about 344 m/s (1129 ft/s), you can take the time for the sound wave to return and multiply it by 344 meters (or 1129 feet) to find the total round-trip distance of the sound wave. Round-trip means that the sound wave traveled 2 times the distance to the object before it was detected by the sensor; it includes the 'trip' from the sonar sensor to the object AND the 'trip' from the object to the Ultrasonic sensor (after the sound wave bounced off the object). To find the distance to the object, simply divide the round-trip distance in half. Pinout diagram: Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Ultrasonic Sensor 1 Jumper cables 4 Circuit Diagram: Working: It emits an ultrasound at 40 000 Hz which travels through the air and if there is an object or obstacle on its path It will bounce back to the module. Considering the travel time and the speed of the sound you can calculate the distance. The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Module has 4 pins, Ground, VCC, Trig and Echo. The Ground and the VCC pins of the module needs to be connected to the Ground and the 5 volts pins on the Arduino Board respectively and the trig and echo pins to any Digital I/O pin on the Arduino Board. In order to generate the ultrasound, you need to set the Trig on a High State for 10 µs. That will send out an 8 cycle sonic burst which will travel at the speed sound and it will be received in the Echo pin. The Echo pin will output the time in microseconds the sound waves traveled. For example, if the object is 10 cm away from the sensor, and the speed of the sound is 340 m/s or 0.034 cm/µs the sound wave will need to travel about 294 u seconds. But what you will get from the Echo pin will be double that number because the sound waves needs to travel forward and bounce backward. So in order to get the distance in cm we need to multiply the received travel time value from the echo pin by 0.034 and divide it by 2. Tested Programming Code: // defines pins numbers const int trigPin = 9; const int echoPin = 10; // defines variables long duration; int distance; void setup() { pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication } void loop() { // Clears the trigPin digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Calculating the distance distance= duration*0.034/2; // Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor Serial.print("Distance: "); Serial.println(distance); } Precautions: 1. Double Check the connections before powering on thecircuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check Whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. Conclusion: You can Measure distance using this ultrasonic sensor, without use of any measuring tape or high priced instrument. Many more other applications can be made using ultrasonic sensor as it has many possibilities to work with. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Measuring Humidity and temperature using DHT11 sensor with Arduino. What is a Digital Humidity Temperature Sensor? DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor, which generates calibrated digital output. DHT11 can be interface with any microcontroller like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. and get instantaneous results. DHT11 is a low-cost humidity and temperature sensor which provides high reliability and long-term stability. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 DHT11 Sensor 1 Jumper cables 3 Pinout Diagram: Working: Ok now let’s see how these sensors work. They consist of a humidity sensing component, an NTC temperature sensor (or thermistor) and an IC on the back side of the sensor. For measuring humidity they use the humidity sensing component which has two electrodes with moisture holding substrate between them. So as the humidity changes, the conductivity of the substrate changes or the resistance between these electrodes changes. This change in resistance is measured and processed by the IC which makes it ready to be read by a microcontroller. On the other hand, for measuring temperature these sensors use an NTC temperature sensor or a thermistor. A thermistor is a variable resistor that changes its resistance with the temperature change. These sensors are made by sintering semiconductive materials such as ceramics or polymers to provide larger changes in the resistance with just small temperature changes. The term “NTC” means “Negative Temperature Coefficient”, which means that the resistance decreases with an increase in the temperature. Circuit Diagram: The DHTxx sensors have four pins, VCC, GND, data pin and a not connected pin which has no usage. A pull-up resistor from 5K to 10K Ohms is required to keep the data line high and to enable the communication between the sensor and the Arduino Board. There are some versions of these sensors that come with a breakout board with a built-in pull-up resistor and they have just 3 pins. The DHTXX sensors have their single wire protocol used for transferring the data. This protocol requires precise timing and the timing diagrams for getting the data from the sensors can be found in the datasheets of the sensors. However, we don’t have to worry much about these timing diagrams because we will use the DHT library which takes care of everything. Tested Programming Code: First, we need to include the DHT library which can be found from the Arduino official website or can be downloaded from the following link https://github.com/adidax/dht11 then define the PIN to which our sensor is connected and create a DHT object. In the setup section, we need to initiate the serial communication because we will use the serial monitor to print the results. Using the read22() function we will read the data from the sensor and put the values of the temperature and the humidity into the t and h variables. If you use the DHT11 sensor you will need to you the read11() function. In the end, we will print the temperature and the humidity values on the serial monitor. #include "DHT.h" #define DHTPIN 2 DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println("DHTxx test!"); dht.begin(); } void loop() { measurements. delay(2000); float h = dht.readHumidity(); float t = dht.readTemperature(); float f =dht.readTemperature(true); if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) || isnan(f)) { Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"); return; } float hi = dht.computeHeatIndex(f, h); Serial.print("Humidity: "); Serial.print(h); Serial.print(" %\t"); Serial.print("Temperature: "); Serial.print(t); Serial.print(" *C "); Serial.print(f); Serial.print(" *F\t"); Serial.print("Heat index: "); Serial.print(hi); Serial.println(" *F"); } After we will upload this code to the Arduino board, the temperature and humidity results from the sensor can be seen on the Serial monitor. Precautions: Double-check the connections before powering on the circuit. Don’t use loose jumper cables. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. Don’t put the sensor in any fluid or water, this is meant for taking ambient readings only. Conclusion: You can successfully measure temperature and humidity using the DHT11 sensor. Many more other applications can be made and triggered using the DHT11 sensor. Output: Situation Screenshot: Serial Monitor (Ctrl+Shift+M) Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

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Back Character Displaying using 8X8 LED Matrix MAX7219 with Arduino Uno What is a Matrix Display? Dot-matrix LED display contains the group of LEDs as a two-dimensional array. They can display different types of characters or a group of characters. Dot-matrix LED display contains the group of LEDs as a two-dimensional array. They can display different types of characters or a group of characters. Dot-matrix display is manufactured in various dimensions. The arrangement of LEDs in the matrix pattern is made in either of the two ways: Row anode-column cathode or Row cathode-column anode. By using this dot matrix display we can reduce the number of pins required for controlling all the LEDs. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 MAX 7219 Display Module 1 Jumper cables 5 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Working: An LED dot matrix consists of an array of LEDs that are connected such that the anode of each LED is connected in the same column and the cathode of each LED is connected in the same row or vice versa . Here each dot represents circular lenses in front of LEDs. This is done to minimize the number of pins required to drive them. For example, an 8X8 matrix of LEDs would need 64 I/O pins, one for each LED pixel. By connecting all the anodes of LEDs in a column and all the cathodes together in a row, the required number of input and output pins is reduced to 16. Each LED will be addressed by its row and column number. Controlling the LED Matrix: Since all the LEDs in a matrix share their positive and negative terminals in each row and column, it is not possible controlling of each LED at the same time. The matrix controlled through each row very quickly by triggering the correct column pins to light the desired LED for that particular row. If the switching is done with a fixed rate, humans can’t see the displaying message, because the human eye can’t detect the images within the milliseconds. Thus the displaying of a message on an LED matrix must be controlled, with the rows being scanned sequentially at a rate greater than 40 MHz while sending out the column data at the same rate. This kind of control can be done by interfacing the LED matrix display with the microcontroller. Interfacing the LED Matrix Display with Microcontroller: Choosing a microcontroller for interfacing with the LED matrix display which is to be controlled is depends on the number of input and output pins needed for controlling all the LEDs in the given matrix display, the amount of current that each pin can source and sink, and the speed at which the microcontroller can send out control signals. With all these specifications, interfacing can be done for LED matrix display with a microcontroller. Tested Programming Code: A library needs to be downloaded and then to be installed. Go to Disk drive where your Arduino IDE is installed and then go to > Program Files>Arduino> Libraries> then Ctrl+V (Paste). https://github.com/riyas-org/max7219/tree/master/MaxMatrix https://github.com/riyas-org/max7219 : Main Link #include int DIN = 7; // DIN pin of MAX7219 module int CLK = 6; // CLK pin of MAX7219 module int CS = 5; // CS pin of MAX7219 module int maxInUse = 1; MaxMatrix m(DIN, CS, CLK, maxInUse); char A[] = {4, 8, B01111110, B00010001, B00010001, B01111110, }; char B[] = {4, 8, B01111111, B01001001, B01001001, B00110110, }; char smile01[] = {8, 8, B00111100, B01000010, B10010101, B10100001, B10100001, B10010101, B01000010, B00111100 }; char smile02[] = {8, 8, B00111100, B01000010, B10010101, B10010001, B10010001, B10010101, B01000010, B00111100 }; char smile03[] = {8, 8, B00111100, B01000010, B10100101, B10010001, B10010001, B10100101, B01000010, B00111100 }; void setup() { m.init(); // MAX7219 initialization m.setIntensity(8); // initial led matrix intensity, 0-15 } void loop() { // Seting the LEDs On or Off at x,y or row,column position m.setDot(6,2,true); delay(1000); m.setDot(6,3,true); delay(1000); m.clear(); // Clears the display for (int i=0; i<8; i++){ m.setDot(i,i,true); delay(300); } m.clear(); // Displaying the character at x,y (upper left corner of the character) m.writeSprite(2, 0, A); delay(1000); m.writeSprite(2, 0, B); delay(1000); m.writeSprite(0, 0, smile01); delay(1000); m.writeSprite(0, 0, smile02); delay(1000); m.writeSprite(0, 0, smile03); delay(1000); for (int i=0; i<8; i++){ m.shiftLeft(false,false); delay(300); } m.clear(); } Program Description: So first we need to include the MaxMatrix.h library, define the pins to which the module is connected, set how many modules we use and define the MaxMatrix object. For displaying characters, we need to define them in an array of characters or bytes, and here I have several examples. We can notice how the bits are forming the characters which are zeros and ones. In this case, they are rotated 90 degrees but the library example suggests using them in such a way so that would be easier later to implement the shift left custom function for scrolling a text. Precautions: 1. Double Check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check Whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. Conclusion: You can successfully program different characters on a matrix display, this display can be combined with many more displays to get a larger display area. Output:: Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of Touch Sensor with Arduino Uno. What is a Touch Sensor? This device uses your body as part of the circuit. When you touch the sensor pad, the capacitance of the circuit is changed and is detected. That detected change in capacitance results in the output changing states. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Touch Sensor 1 Jumper cables 4 Pinout Diagram: Pin of Touch sensor: 1. GND. 2. VCC. 3. SIG Circuit Diagram: Connect the Touch Sensor with Arduino as follows: GND pin of Touch sensor to GND of Arduino VCC pin of Touch Sensor to 5V of Arduino SIG pin of Touch Sensor to digital pin 2 of Arduino. Tested Programming Code: #define ctsPin 2 int ledPin = 13; // pin for the LED void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(ctsPin, INPUT); } void loop() { int ctsValue = digitalRead(ctsPin); if (ctsValue==HIGH) { digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); Serial.println("TOUCHED"); } else{ digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); Serial.println("not touched"); } delay(500); } Precautions: Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. Don’t use loose jumper cables. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. Ensure proper placement of Touch Sensor for correct working. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to see the Touch Sensor working by seeing the Serial monitor whenever it is being touched. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of Pulse Rate Sensor with Arduino Uno. What is a Pulse Rate Sensor? The pulse sensor we are going to use is a plug and play heart rate sensor. This sensor is quite easy to use and operate. Place your finger on top of the sensor and it will sense the heartbeat by measuring the change in light from the expansion of capillary blood vessels. The pulse sensor module has a light which helps in measuring the pulse rate. When we place the finger on the pulse sensor, the light reflected will change based on the volume of blood inside the capillary blood vessels. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Pulse Rate Sensor 1 Jumper cables 6 LED 1 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Connect the pulse sensor with Arduino as follows: GND pin of pulse sensor to GND of Arduino VCC of pulse sensor to 5V of Arduino A0 of pulse sensor to A0 of Arduino After that, connect the LED to pin 13 and GND of Arduino as shown in the figure below. Tested Programming Code: int PulseSensorPurplePin = 0; int LED13 = 13; int Signal; int Threshold = 550; void setup() { pinMode(LED13,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { Signal = analogRead(PulseSensorPurplePin); Serial.println(Signal); if(Signal > Threshold){ digitalWrite(LED13,HIGH); } else { digitalWrite(LED13,LOW); } delay(10); } Precautions: Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. Don’t use loose jumper cables. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. Ensure proper placement of pulse rate Sensor for correct working. Don’t lose hope if pulse rate Sensor does not run properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to open your serial monitor. There you can see the Pulse Rate (BPM) on the sensor. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Analog Joystick Interfacing with Arduino UNO. What is an Analog Joystick ? Analog joystick produces two voltages; one corresponding to position with respect to X-axis and another corresponding to the position with respect to Y-axis. The voltages produced depend on the position of the joystick. The Analog Joystick is similar to two potentiometers connected together, one for the vertical movement (Y-axis) and other for the horizontal movement (X-axis). The joystick also comes with a Select switch . It can be very handy for retro gaming, robot control or RC cars. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Analog Joystick 1 Jumper cables 5 Pinout Diagram: We need 5 connections to the joystick. The connection are : SW( Switch), Y, X, Voltage and Ground. “Y and X” are Analog and “Switch” is Digital. If you don’t need the switch then you can use only 4 pins. Circuit Diagram: This is circuit diagram of Analog Joystick module in Arduino. There five pins in analog Joystick Module VCC, GND, SW, X, and Y. X and Y are Analog pins and SW is digital. Key will be used when Joystick is pressed. Connect VCC of the module to +5v of Arduino and GND of the module to Arduino Ground. Now, connect X to Analog pin A0 and Y to Analog pin A1 of Arduino.. Tested Programming Code: This is code for interfacing analog Joystick Module in Arduino. First initialized the pin numbers of Joystick Module. In setup, the Serial Monitor is started at 9600 Baud and initialized Joystick pins as input. In the loop, read the button state and stored in a variable. Print the values to the Serial Monitor. const int joystick_x_pin = A2; const int joystick_y_pin = A1; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); /* Define baud rate for serial communication */ } void loop() { int x_adc_val, y_adc_val; float x_volt, y_volt; x_adc_val = analogRead(joystick_x_pin); y_adc_val = analogRead(joystick_y_pin); x_volt = ( ( x_adc_val * 5.0 ) / 1023 ); /*Convert digital value to voltage */ y_volt = ( ( y_adc_val * 5.0 ) / 1023 ); /*Convert digital value to voltage */ Serial.print("X_Voltage = "); Serial.print(x_volt); Serial.print("\t"); Serial.print("Y_Voltage = "); Serial.println(y_volt); delay(100); } Checking Values on Serial Monitor: After Uploading The program Successfully into the Arduino Board , we Can Check the Values of X and Y Serial Monitor The Image of the Serial monitor Is shown Below : Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. 5. Connect the Wiper pin of potentiometer correctly. 6. Don’t lose hope if Joystick does not runs properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: You can successfully display data on a the Serial Monitor of the Joystick in simplest way using Arduino. Many forms of data can be displayed on this display, whether it can be a data from sensor or anything else. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing GPS with Arduino (Neo-6M-001) What is a GPS Module? Every single location in the entire globe can be specified in terms of geographical coordinates. The geographical coordinate is a system which specifies any given location on the earth surface as latitude and longitude. There are devices which can read the geographical coordinates of a place with the help of the signals received from a number of satellites orbiting the earth. The system of satellites which helps in the positioning of a place is called Global Positioning System (GPS). The devices which can read the geographical coordinates of a place with the help of at least four GPS satellites are called GPS Receiver or simply GPS module. Specifications: • Build in 18X18mm GPS antenna • Anti-jamming technology • 5Hz position update rate • Operating temperature range: -40 TO 85°C • UART TTL socket • EEprom to store settings Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 GPS Module 1 Jumper cables 4 Working: GPS satellites circle the Earth twice a day in a precise orbit. Each satellite transmits a unique signal and orbital parameters that allow GPS devices to decode and compute the precise location of the satellite. GPS receivers use this information and trilateration to calculate a user's exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver measures the distance to each satellite by the amount of time it takes to receive a transmitted signal. With distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine a user's position and display it. To calculate your 2-D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement, a GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least 3 satellites. With 4 or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine your 3-D position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Generally, a GPS receiver will track 8 or more satellites, but that depends on the time of day and where you are on the earth. Once your position has been determined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as: Speed Bearing Track Trip dist istance to destination Download and install required libraries for GPS to work in Arduino IDE (i) SoftwareSerial library (ii) TinyGPS library Click on the highlighted link to download the Library. Circuit Diagram: Connection of Arduino UNO and GPS module : Connect the four pins from UBLOX to an Arduino as follows: Ublox - Arduino GND - GND TX - Digital pin (D3) RX - Digital pin (D4) Vcc - 5Vdc Here, I suggest you to use external power supply to power the GPS module because minimum power requirement for GPS module to work is 3.3 V and Arduino is not capable of providing that much voltage. Tested Programming Code: #include #include SoftwareSerial mySerial(3,4); TinyGPS gps; void gpsdump(TinyGPS &gps); void printFloat(double f, int digits = 2); void setup() { // Oploen serial communications and wait for port to open: Serial.begin(9600); // set the data rate for the SoftwareSerial port mySerial.begin(9600); delay(1000); Serial.println("uBlox Neo 6M"); Serial.print("Testing TinyGPS library v. "); Serial.println(TinyGPS::library_version()); Serial.println("by Mikal Hart"); Serial.println(); Serial.print("Sizeof(gpsobject) = "); Serial.println(sizeof(TinyGPS)); Serial.println(); } void loop() // run over and over { bool newdata = false; unsigned long start = millis(); // Every 5 seconds we print an update while (millis() - start < 5000) { if (mySerial.available()) { char c = mySerial.read(); //Serial.print(c); // uncomment to see raw GPS data if (gps.encode(c)) { newdata = true; break; // uncomment to print new data immediately! } } } if (newdata) { Serial.println("Acquired Data"); Serial.println("-------------"); gpsdump(gps); Serial.println("-------------"); Serial.println(); } } void gpsdump(TinyGPS &gps) { long lat, lon; float flat, flon; unsigned long age, date, time, chars; int year; byte month, day, hour, minute, second, hundredths; unsigned short sentences, failed; gps.get_position(&lat, &lon, &age); Serial.print("Lat/Long(10^-5 deg): "); Serial.print(lat); Serial.print(", "); Serial.print(lon); Serial.print(" Fix age: "); Serial.print(age); Serial.println("ms."); // On Arduino, GPS characters may be lost during lengthy Serial.print() // On Teensy, Serial prints to USB, which has large output buffering and // runs very fast, so it's not necessary to worry about missing 4800 // baud GPS characters. gps.f_get_position(&flat, &flon, &age); Serial.print("Lat/Long(float): "); printFloat(flat, 5); Serial.print(", "); printFloat(flon, 5); Serial.print(" Fix age: "); Serial.print(age); Serial.println("ms."); gps.get_datetime(&date, &time, &age); Serial.print("Date(ddmmyy): "); Serial.print(date); Serial.print(" Time(hhmmsscc): "); Serial.print(time); Serial.print(" Fix age: "); Serial.print(age); Serial.println("ms."); gps.crack_datetime(&year, &month, &day, &hour, &minute, &second, &hundredths, &age); Serial.print("Date: "); Serial.print(static_cast(month)); Serial.print("/"); Serial.print(static_cast(day)); Serial.print("/"); Serial.print(year); Serial.print(" Time: "); Serial.print(static_cast(hour+8)); Serial.print(":"); //Serial.print("UTC +08:00 Malaysia"); Serial.print(static_cast(minute)); Serial.print(":"); Serial.print(static_cast(second)); Serial.print("."); Serial.print(static_cast(hundredths)); Serial.print(" UTC +08:00 Malaysia"); Serial.print(" Fix age: "); Serial.print(age); Serial.println("ms."); Serial.print("Alt(cm): "); Serial.print(gps.altitude()); Serial.print(" Course(10^-2 deg): "); Serial.print(gps.course()); Serial.print(" Speed(10^-2 knots): "); Serial.println(gps.speed()); Serial.print("Alt(float): "); printFloat(gps.f_altitude()); Serial.print(" Course(float): "); printFloat(gps.f_course()); Serial.println(); Serial.print("Speed(knots): "); printFloat(gps.f_speed_knots()); Serial.print(" (mph): "); printFloat(gps.f_speed_mph()); Serial.print(" (mps): "); printFloat(gps.f_speed_mps()); Serial.print(" (kmph): "); printFloat(gps.f_speed_kmph()); Serial.println(); gps.stats(&chars, &sentences, &failed); Serial.print("Stats: characters: "); Serial.print(chars); Serial.print(" sentences: "); Serial.print(sentences); Serial.print(" failed checksum: "); Serial.println(failed); } void printFloat(double number, int digits) { // Handle negative numbers if (number < 0.0) { Serial.print('-'); number = -number; } // Round correctly so that print(1.999, 2) prints as "2.00" double rounding = 0.5; for (uint8_t i=0; i 0) Serial.print("."); // Extract digits from the remainder one at a time while (digits-- > 0) { remainder *= 10.0; int toPrint = int(remainder); Serial.print(toPrint); remainder -= toPrint; }} Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working.. Conclusion: You can successfully measure the flow rate and quantity of the water flowing through a pipe through a cross sectional area. This sensor can be deployed in many ways like water level automation system, water meter etc. Output: After you have successfully uploaded your source code, open your serial monitor. Serial monitor will display the data that your gps required. If you didn’t get anything, make sure your connection is correct and try it outside or near the window where it is easy to get the signal. Signal may not reach inside a building. Situation Screenshot: Serial Monitor (Ctrl+Shift+M) Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Measuring water flow rate and calculating quantity using Flow Sensor with Arduino. What is a Water Flow Sensor? The water flow sensor consists of a plastic valve body, a water rotor, and a hall-effect sensor. When water flows through the rotor, the rotor rolls. Its speed changes with different rates of flow. The hall-effect sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal. This one is suitable to detect flow in a water dispenser or coffee machine. Specifications · Mini. Working Voltage: DC 4.5V · Max. Working Current: 15mA (DC 5V) · Working Voltage: DC 5V · Flow Rate Range: 1~30L/min · Operating Temperature: 80 C · Liquid Temperature: 120 · Operating Humidity: 35%~90%RH · Water Pressure: 1.75MPa Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Water Flow Sensor 1 Jumper cables 3 Pinout Diagram: Working: This illustration gives a detailed working method of the Hall effect sensor-based water flow sensor, a turbine wheel embedded with a magnet is placed on a closed plastic envelope and a Hall effect sensor is placed, When the water flows through the pipeline, it makes the turbine wheel to rotate and hence the magnet flux interferes the hall sensor, the rate of interference depends on the speed of water flow, so the hall effect sensor produces pulse signal output, this pulse output can be calculated as water volume. Circuit Diagram: Connect the +5V wire to Arduino power pin 5V and Ground pin to Gnd then connect the Signal pin to Digital pin D2, this sensor has a control circuit hence there is no need for pull up resistor, some sensor requires to pull up resistors refer to the datasheet of water flow sensor before concluding hookup. Tested Programming Code: The code uses an external interrupt on the Arduino's digital pin 2. This is used to read the pulses coming from the flow meter. When the Arduino detects the pulse, it immediately triggers the pulseCounter() function. This function then counts the total number of pulses. In this Arduino flow rate sensor, for every liter of liquid passing through it per minute, it outputs about 4.5 pulses. Dividing the total pulse count by 4.5 will give you the total amount of liquid passing through it in liters per minute. Dividing that by 60 will give you the flow rate in liters per hour, which gives us the total amount or quantity of water/liquid that has passed through it. The sensor is accurate to within 3%. Code: byte statusLed = 13; byte sensorInterrupt = 0; byte sensorPin = 2; float calibrationFactor = 4.5; volatile byte pulseCount; float flowRate; unsigned int flowMilliLitres; unsigned long totalMilliLitres; unsigned long oldTime; void setup() { Serial.begin(38400); pinMode(statusLed, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH); pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); digitalWrite(sensorPin, HIGH); pulseCount = 0; flowRate = 0.0; flowMilliLitres = 0; totalMilliLitres = 0; oldTime = 0; attachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt, pulseCounter, FALLING); } void loop() { if((millis() - oldTime) > 1000) // Only process counters once per second { detachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt); flowRate = ((1000.0 / (millis() - oldTime)) * pulseCount) / calibrationFactor; oldTime = millis(); flowMilliLitres = (flowRate / 60) * 1000; totalMilliLitres += flowMilliLitres; unsigned int frac; Serial.print("Flow rate: "); Serial.print(int(flowRate)); Serial.print("."); frac = (flowRate - int(flowRate)) * 10; Serial.print(frac, DEC) ; Serial.print("L/min"); Serial.print(" Current Liquid Flowing: "); Serial.print(flowMilliLitres); Serial.print("mL/Sec"); Serial.print(" Output Liquid Quantity: "); Serial.print(totalMilliLitres); Serial.println("mL"); pulseCount = 0; attachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt, pulseCounter, FALLING); } } void pulseCounter() { pulseCount++; } Precautions: Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. Don’t use loose jumper cables. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. Please keep your hardware away from water except, the water flow sensor. Conclusion: You can successfully measure the flow rate and quantity of the water flowing through a pipe through a cross-sectional area. This sensor can be deployed in many ways like water level automation systems, water meters, etc. Output: Situation Screenshot: Serial Monitor (Ctrl+Shift+M) Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of MQ2 (gas) sensor with Arduino Uno. What is a MQ2 (gas) Sensor? The Gas Sensor (MQ2) module is useful for gas leakage detection (home and industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol, Smoke or Propane. Due to its high sensitivity and fast response time, measurement can be taken as soon as possible. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by potentiometer. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 MQ2 (gas) Sensor 1 Jumper cables 6 LED 1 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Connect the pulse sensor with Arduino as follows: GND pin of MQ2 (gas) sensor to GND of Arduino VCC of MQ2 (gas) sensor to 5V of Arduino A0 of MQ2 (gas) sensor to A0 of Arduino D0 of MQ2 (gas) sensor to D2 of Arduino. If needed. After that, connect the LED to pin 13 and GND of Arduino as shown in the figure below. The LED will blink according to the MQ2 (gas) sensor. Tested Programming Code: Const int gaspin = A0; float sensorValue ; //variable to store sensor value void setup () { pinMode(gaspin,INPUT); Serial . begin ( 9600 ); // sets the serial port to 9600 Serial . println ( "Gas sensor warming up!" ); delay ( 20000 ); // allow the MQ-6 to warm up } void loop () { sensorValue = analogRead ( gaspin ); // read analog input pin 0 Serial . print ( "Sensor Value: " ); Serial . print ( sensorValue ); if ( sensorValue > 300 ) { Serial . print ( " | Smoke detected!" ); } Serial . println ( "" ); delay ( 2000 ); // wait 2s for next reading } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of MQ2 (gas) Sensor for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if Sensor does not run properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to open your serial monitor. There you can see the value of gas present in air by the sensor. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing 2 Channel Relay Module with Arduino and control High Voltage AC (current). What is a Relay Module? A Relay is a device that helps microcontrollers (or microcontroller-based boards) like Arduino to switch on or off different household appliances like motors, lights, water heaters, television, fans, etc. The relay module for Arduino is one of the most powerful applications for Arduino as it can be used to control both A.C and D.C devices by simply controlling the relay by giving 5V. A relay is a switch that is operated electrically by an electromagnet. A relay can be used to control high voltage electronic devices such as motors as well as low voltage electronic devices such as a light bulb or a fan. Relays work on the principle of electromagnetism. When the electricity is provided to the relay coil then it acts like a magnet and changes the state of the switch. The part which powers the relay module is completely isolated from the part which turns ON or OFF. This is why we can control a 220V appliance by simply controlling it using the 5V Arduino. you should also read getting started projects of Arduino. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Relay module (2 Channel) 1 Jumper cables 6 Switching Source 1 Cable, Plug, Socket 1 Pinout Diagram: HL-52S Relay Module As an example, for this Arduino Relay Tutorial, we will use the HL-52S 2 channel relay module, which has 2 relays with a rating of 10A @ 250 and 125 V AC and 10A @ 30 and 28 V DC. The high voltage output connector has 3 pins, the middle one is the common pin, and as we can see from the markings one of the two other pins is for a normally open connection and the other one for a normally closed connection. On the other side of the module, we have these 2 sets of pins. The first one has 4 pins, a Ground and a VCC pin for powering the module, and 2 input pins In1 and In2. The second set of pins has 3 pins with a jumper between the JDVcc and the Vcc pin. With a configuration like this, the electromagnet of the relay is directly powered by the Arduino Board and if something goes wrong with the relay the microcontroller could get damaged. Circuit Diagram: For better understanding let’s see the circuit schematics of the relay module in this configuration. So we can see that the 5 volts from our microcontroller connected to the Vcc pin for activating the relay through the Optocoupler IC are also connected to the JDVcc pin which powers the electromagnet of the relay. So in this case we got no isolation between the relay and the microcontroller. To isolate the microcontroller from the relay, we need to remove the jumper and connect a separate power supply for the electromagnet to the JDVcc and the Ground pin. Now with this configuration, the microcontroller doesn’t have any physical connection with the relay, it just uses the LED light of the Optocoupler IC to activate the relay. There is one more thing to be noticed from this circuit schematics. The input pins of the module work inversely. As we can see the relay will be activated when the input pin will be LOW because in that way the current will be able to flow from the VCC to the input pin which is low or ground, and the LED will light up and activate the relay. When the input pin will be HIGH there will be no current flow, so the LED will not light up and the relay will not be activated. High Voltage Warning Before we continue with this tutorial, I will warn you here that we will use High Voltage which if incorrectly or improperly used could result in serious injuries or death. So be very cautious of what you are doing because I take no responsibility for any of your actions. How to use the relay module with the High Voltage devices First, let’s take a look at the circuit diagram. As previously described we will use a 5V Adapter as a separate power supply for the electromagnet connected to the JDVcc and the Ground pin. The Arduino’s 5V pin will be connected to the Vcc pin of the module and PIN 7 to the In1 input pin for controlling the relay. Now for the HIGH Voltage part, we need a power plug, a socket, and a cable with two wires. One of the two wires will be cut and connected to the common and the normally open pin of the module output connector. So with this configuration when we will activate the relay we will get the high voltage circuit closed and working. Here’s how made the cable. So I bought a plug, a socket, and a cable. Then I carefully cut the cable and cut one of the wires as shown in the picture below and connect them to the normally open connection pins of the relay module. Also connected the ends of the cable to the plug and the socket. Tested Programming Code: Now what’s left for this tutorial is to make a simple code and test the relay module and how it will work. Here’s the simple code, we will just use the PIN 7 for controlling the relay, so we will define it as output and make a program that will just activate and deactivate the relay every 3 seconds. I will mention once again here that the input of the module works inversely so a logic low at the input will activate the relay and vice versa. int in1 = 7; void setup() { pinMode(in1, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(in1, HIGH); } void loop() { digitalWrite(in1, LOW);delay(3000); digitalWrite(in1, HIGH); delay(3000); } There is a demonstration of this example at the end of the video of this tutorial. I tested 3 devices on it. First a 100W light bulb, then a desk lamp, and a fan heater. All of these devices work on 220V. Precautions: 1. Double-check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of Relay Module for correct working. 5. Use proper measures before using AC electricity. Conclusion: So that’s how we can control any High Voltage Device using Arduino or any other microcontroller. And of course, the possibilities are now endless, for example, we can control the devices using a TV Remote, Bluetooth, SMS, Internet, and so on. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

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Back Bluetooth Controlled Car Using Arduino Uno. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 12V DC Motor /BO motor 2 Jumper cables 15 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 1 Breadboard 1 Breadboard 1 This tutorial will teach you how to create your own Bluetooth controlled car. So let’s get started. This will be a Bluetooth controlled car so for this project we will be using HC-05 Bluetooth module to receive the controlling data packets. We will also need an android app which will be sending the controlling data packets to the Bluetooth module. We will use a third party application ( https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.broxcode.arduinobluetoothfree&hl=en to download) for this purpose. Let's build the hardware (Body of the car) The car which we are building for this project will be a dual motor car. Two 12 v 200 rpm DC or BO motors. You can use a readymade chassis. Circuit Now let us build the circuit. CODE : Here we will use the direction of rotation of motors to control the direction of the car. Forward - Both motors move in forward direction. Backward - Both motors move in backward direction. Left - Left motor moves backwards and right motor moves forward. Right - Left motor moves forwards and right motor moves backward. Stop - Both motors stop Tested Programming Code: #include AF_DCMotor motor1(1); //motor1 is the left motor AF_DCMotor motor2(2); //motor2 is the right motor int val; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); motor1.setSpeed(255); //motor speed is set motor2.setSpeed(255); Stop(); } void loop() { bt=Serial.read(); if(val=='1') //when the bluetooth module recieves 1 the car moves forward { forward(); } if(val=='2') //when the bluetooth module recieves 2 the car moves backward { backward(); } if(val=='3') //when the bluetooth module recieves 3 the car moves left { left(); } if(val=='4') //when the bluetooth module recieves 4 the car moves right { right(); } if(val=='5') //when the bluetooth module recieves 5 the car stops { Stop(); } } void forward() { motor1.run(FORWARD); motor2.run(FORWARD); } void backward() { motor1.run(BACKWARD); motor2.run(BACKWARD); } void left() { motor1.run(BACKWARD); motor2.run(FORWARD); } void right() { motor1.run(FORWARD); motor2.run(BACKWARD); } void Stop() { motor1.run(RELEASE); motor2.run(RELEASE); } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of Bluetooth and Motor driver for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if it does not run properly for the first time, try again. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

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